A milimeter too far Essay -- Medical Research

A millimetre similarly far Discuss metastatic malignant melanoma ( disrobe cancer) with particular reference to the genes involve. entryway In 2008 11,767 new cases of malignant melanoma was reported in the UK (UK, 2011) . melanoma involves melanocytes of the skin which have a role in protecting the deeper layers of the skin from UV light emitted from the sun. Metastatic melanoma occurs when a primary tumor travels into the bloodstream and spreads to other body parts i.e. liver or lymph nodes. The survival of the fittest rate for people with metastatic melanoma decreases the later the diagnosis and the bigger the spread (metastasis) of the cancer. Scientists have therefore investigated ways in which treatment for melanoma can be improved by diagnostic markers and by targeting the genes knotted in the development of melanocytes also the genes involved in masterless proliferation as seen in metastatic melanoma. BRAFV600E Mutation of BRAF gene (a member of the RAF family of ser ine-theronine kinase (Gorden et al., 2003) has led to multitudinous research on therapeutic treatments that target BRAF gene and inhibit its expression. forward melanoma gets to the metastatic stages there are a series of embodied mutations in melanocyte genes that leads to the transition from radial return phase to vertical growth phase (Tan, 2012). Over activation of BRAF gene (somatic mutation) in melanoma leads to the uncontrolled proliferation and survival of melanoma cells via activation of the reticular activating system/RAF/MAPK pathway (Gorden et al., 2003) the attachment of BRAF to RAS proteins activates the MAPK pathway involved in melanoma proliferation and the regulation of genes involved in the metastatic cascade. Recent studies showed that 92% of melanoma samples had a substitution (l... ...M., Elder, D. E., Hsu, M. Y., & Herlyn, M. (1994). rule of Mel-CAM/MUC18 expression on melanocytes of different stages of tumor progression by habitual keratinocytes. Resea rch Support, U.S. Govt, P.H.S.. Am J Pathol, 145(4), 837-845. Tan, W. W. H., J.E.Schulman, P. (2012, 29 Feb 2012). Malignant Melanoma Retrieved 15 March, 2012, from http//emedicine.medscape.com/ name/280245-overviewToh, B., Wang, X. J., Keeble, J., Sim, W. J., Khoo, K., Wong, W. C., . . . Abastado, J. P. (2011). Mesenchymal Transition and Dissemination of Cancer Cells Is Driven by Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells Infiltrating the old Tumor. Plos Biology, 9(9). doi ARTN e1001162DOI 10.1371/journal.pbio.1001162UK, C. r. (Producer). (2011, April 5). Skin cancer - UK relative incidence statistics. Retrieved from http//info.cancerresearchuk.org/cancerstats/types/skin/incidence/Trends