Japanese American Internment :: essays research papers

What was the Japanese American internment?In 1941, Japan bombed drop cloth Harbor, a U.S. military base. Many Americans already disliked the Japanese as a result of racism when the Japanese were being used for cheap labor.1As a result 120,000 Japanese men, women, and children were sent to detention camps.1 They were obligate away from their homes, inculcates, and businesses under the pretense of protecting the American citizens.The FBI investigated alleged charges of conspiracy, but couldnt find any evidence against the Japanese. The information was suppressed by the government.1 This information wasnt released for years after the internment.Families did start being released in 1943 after the Japanese started challenging the internment in the Supreme Court.1 formerly the war was over in 1945, there still were many Japanese American families being held in detention camps.How were the Japanese removed from their homes?After the Pearl Harbor invasion, the FBI rounded up 1,212 Issei (Japanese who moved to America from Japan), placing them in U.S. Justice Department Internment camps.2 Many of the Issei sent away were religious leaders, school teachers, and doctors.On February 19,1942, President Roosevelt signed executive order 9066, authorizing the Army to remove Japanese American and place them in designated military areas.2 Many Families were assumption little notice, and the camps were far away from their homes so they had to leave all their personal belongings behind. 110,000 Japanese were sent to internment camps under executive order 9066, 2/3 of which who were American Citizens.2 The Japanese were stripped of their rights and privileges shared with by American citizens.The Japanese American internment was the American concentration camp during WWII.Where were the resettlement camps?Across the West Coast, there were 10 relocation camps in all.3 Originally rural, less populated areas, these camps were built up and became among the largest towns in their a rea.Manzanar and Tule Lake were located in California. Poston and Gila in Arizona Heart Mountain, in Wyoming Minidoka, in Idaho Topaz, in Utah and Granada, in Colorado.3 The Japanese were very unfamiliar with those areas, not used to the climates of the regions. The camps were hurriedly built to basic army camp plans designed for soldiers with no families, so there was little room at all for the Japanese.3 The Barracks were overcrowded, and families were crammed in with mavin another. Some of the areas, like Minidoka, got up to 110 degrees in the summer. They had to work out in the heat for long hours, and were overcome by exhaustion inside the camps

The Detective Story Genre Essay -- Year 10 GCSE Coursework

In this essay I will be analysing The Speckled surround, The Red-HeadedLeague, and The Blue Carbuncle by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle. I will beshowing and examine the plots of all three stories, the settings,the structure, and language used, characteristics of Holmes andWatson, and my own conclusion. All three stories were written in the1890s.Crime writing was very popular in the 19th century, people beit to be very entertaining. It all started with a man called EdgarAllan Poe, he wrote the very first detective story The Murders in theRue Morgue. Poe was a bang-up inspiration to Doyle he was the one whomade Doyle what he is today. Doyle just loved Poes writing and heused Poe as a model when he set out to write detective storieshimself. Detective stories thus began in the diaphragm nineteenth centurywhen police forces organised in U.S., France and England. They werethen produce in magazines in instalments. The main plots of the three stories all have one thing in common andthat is t hat they are all mysteries. The mystery for The SpeckledBand is how and why Julia Stoner really died. The story starts withHolmes waking up Watson because a client (Helen Stoner) has arrived at221B Baker Street early in the morning. Helen Stoner has a case forHolmes and she tells him that she is afraid because her sister Juliadied in mysterious circumstances. Holmes and Watson travel to StokeMoran, Surrey to solve how Julia had died and why there is a lowwhistle in middle of the night which had been the herald of Juliasdeath. Holmes and Watson start to examine Julias bedroom and findthat she was killed by a snake which Dr Roylott had been training forit to poison people to death. Dr Roylott is then ma... ...lmes methods, but as Holmes always points out he never observes.Overall I think that the 3 short stories The Speckled Band, TheRed-Headed League, and The Blue Carbuncle work as large detectivestories because as you keep reading they seem to interest you more soyou never out the m down. The stories have become so great because mostof the characters are based on real people who have a strongconnection to the character. Between all three stories I desire TheSpeckled Band more because it seems more interesting and the case thatneeds to be solved is very mysterious due to the strange death. Thetitle is scour intriguing it makes you want to read it. When you readup to the part where Holmes finds out who is killing everyone thatjust makes you ask yourself so many questions as to why that happenedso its more exciting and you just have to keep reading.

An Inspirationally Destructive Red Pen Essay -- Essays Papers

An Inspiration entirelyy Destructive Red Pen When children first start school they begin a clean extensive journey, first meeting all novel people and then having to learn a broad array of new things. One of those new things is how to aim and also write. Teachers start out slow by having students write in big capital letters on funny looking red and parking lot striped paper, next moving on to cursive letters with still that same silly paper. After a short while the students are on their own, writing notes for disciplinees, notes to friends and family, along with research papers and stories for their instructors in school. And that is where my story begins, room 216 on the second floor of Pottsville Area High School. School had just started it was the go of my sophomore year. I was excited about having new teachers and being able to boss around those precise freshmen since I had finally lost that ridiculous championship of freshy. Although whizz categorise did tur n all that excitement right into knots in my stomach, it was English 10. Ugh I hated English, partially because I could never remember all those rules of writing, which I had just thought of as dumb. I figured, Why would I ever need to know all them? Computers will be able to plug all my mistakes for me As I would soon find out, boy was I ever wrong. Surprisingly, class was going good our teacher Mr. Mieckowski seemed to be a subaltern weird and quite boring at times but all in all not too bad I mean who isnt boring occasionally? He had a shiny head with very little hair and never wore long sleeves to class. He was also quite lanky and skinny, so every wholeness had his or her own conclusion about Mr. Mieckowskis personal life. A lot of the time this ended up being the topic of conference for his students, along with his hatred towards icicle lights, white reindeer, and especially technology the thing I loved most. We spent most of the first month in Mr. M.s class just going over the infamous page one as he liked to call it and just instructing some great pieces of literature, including Of Mice and work force and Julius Caesar. Then one winter day, we all came into his cool super acid room and sat down, chatting with our neighbors as usual until the bell rang to signify the start of class. When the bell rang, our teacher began talking about our upcoming assignments he told us we would be writing 3 essays during the next ... .... My faced turned pale, I knew for sure I was one of those exceptions. He began to discretely pass our papers back to us. Everyone was getting his or her papers except me. Sure enough I was on the bottom of the pile. I didnt even want to look at it. While everyone was asking their friends how they had done, I just sat there. Griff then asked me how I did and I replied, I dunno, you tell me and transfer him my paper. He looked at it and said, Damn you beat me I was shocked I looked at it I had received a 97%. I just snarl as though I wanted to jump out of my seat and scream. I would have had a 100 except for a few recite errors, probably due to how fast I had written the final copy. Disregarding those lost 3 points, I was ecstatic. My paper was a work of art to me I wanted to frame it and hang it on my wall at that point. As time went on that excitement wore off and I realized it just wasnt a paper I had written, it was a story along with an instructional guide I had written in my mind on how to write a paper. From that point on I knew I could tackle any paper those teachers could throw at me and it was all thanks to Mr. Mieckowski and his inspirationally destructive red pen. An inspirationally Destructive Red Pen Essay -- Essays PapersAn Inspirationally Destructive Red Pen When children first start school they begin a new extensive journey, first meeting all new people and then having to learn a broad array of new things. One of those new things is how to read and also write. Teach ers start out slow by having students write in big capital letters on funny looking red and green striped paper, next moving on to cursive letters with still that same silly paper. After a short while the students are on their own, writing notes for classes, notes to friends and family, along with research papers and stories for their teachers in school. And that is where my story begins, room 216 on the second floor of Pottsville Area High School. School had just started it was the plunge of my sophomore year. I was excited about having new teachers and being able to boss around those little freshmen since I had finally lost that ridiculous backing of freshy. Although one class did turn all that excitement right into knots in my stomach, it was English 10. Ugh I hated English, partially because I could never remember all those rules of writing, which I had just thought of as dumb. I figured, Why would I ever need to know all them? Computers will be able to redeem all my mis takes for me As I would soon find out, boy was I ever wrong. Surprisingly, class was going good our teacher Mr. Mieckowski seemed to be a little weird and quite boring at times but all in all not too bad I mean who isnt boring occasionally? He had a shiny head with very little hair and never wore long sleeves to class. He was also quite pompous and skinny, so everyone had his or her own conclusion about Mr. Mieckowskis personal life. A lot of the time this ended up being the topic of converse for his students, along with his hatred towards icicle lights, white reindeer, and especially technology the thing I loved most. We spent most of the first month in Mr. M.s class just going over the infamous page one as he liked to call it and just reading some great pieces of literature, including Of Mice and work force and Julius Caesar. Then one winter day, we all came into his cool green room and sat down, chatting with our neighbors as usual until the bell rang to signify the start o f class. When the bell rang, our teacher began talking about our upcoming assignments he told us we would be writing 3 essays during the next ... .... My faced turned pale, I knew for sure I was one of those exceptions. He began to discretely pass our papers back to us. Everyone was getting his or her papers except me. Sure enough I was on the bottom of the pile. I didnt even want to look at it. While everyone was asking their friends how they had done, I just sat there. Griff then asked me how I did and I replied, I dunno, you tell me and reach him my paper. He looked at it and said, Damn you beat me I was shocked I looked at it I had received a 97%. I just matt-up as though I wanted to jump out of my seat and scream. I would have had a 100 except for a few spell errors, probably due to how fast I had written the final copy. Disregarding those lost 3 points, I was ecstatic. My paper was a work of art to me I wanted to frame it and hang it on my wall at that point. As time went on that excitement wore off and I realized it just wasnt a paper I had written, it was a story along with an instructional guide I had written in my mind on how to write a paper. From that point on I knew I could tackle any paper those teachers could throw at me and it was all thanks to Mr. Mieckowski and his inspirationally destructive red pen.

Edgar Allan Poe Essay -- essays research papers

Edgar Allan PoeEdgar Allan Poe, the first master of the short story, had written many short stories from mysteries to morbidity. Edgar was born on January 19,1809 in Boston, Massachussettes. Edgars Parents, David and Eliza, were both in the acting business. Poe also had a sister, who is rarely spoken of. When Edgar was young his father fleed from the family, leaving Edgar, his mother, and sister alone. At the age of two Edgars mother died of tuberculosis. Edgar was then placed in a raise home with John and Fanny Allan. When Edgar was fifteen he had enough stories written to publish a earmark, but his foster father would not allow it. In 1826 Edgar enrolled into the University of Virginia. He wanted to become a translator. The life at the University of Virginia was very disturbing, there were many accounts of violence such as riots, fighting, and murders. By the end of the category Edgar was in debt from gambling, exceeding two-thousand five-hundred dollars. When Poe went back to Richmond, Virginia, where John lived for the summer, he expected his father to pay his debts, but his father made him work to pay his debts. In 1827 Edgar go out of the Allan house to Boston, Massachussettes. Edgar then published his first book Tamerline and Other Poems . In 1827 Edgar joined the U.S. Army where he stayed for two years. In 1829 Edgar wrote his second book Aarat, Tamberline, and Other Poems by...

Simple wedding story :: essays research papers

I had just gotten hired by the New York metropolis Fire Department, I was working the morning shift when a call when out for a fire in a taxpayer with possible people trapped. Since I was on the ladder company our primary job was to find the possible trapped victims. We got on the road and immediately could smell the smoke, then dispatch came everywhere radio and said police are on location reporting a 10-75,which is a working fire, and could see visible people trapped. Captain Merk cry to the back prepare to go in. We arrived on scene and we could here people yelling about someone trapped on the 2nd floor. My partner and I entered structure thru the back and proceeded up the stairs. We made our way thru the hallway checking every door we came upon. We got to the end of the hallway and could hear someone screaming and coughing from the kick the bucket door on the left hand side. We made our way into the room and my partner and I started searching for the victim. Over the radio we could hear the battalion important calling for the 2nd alarm the fire was getting worse. We kept searching our area but couldnt hear the screaming or coughing anymore as we sped up our search we made our way into the bathroom and there she was laying on the floor by the window. My partner and I picked her up and started make our way out of the building. We made it to the bottom of the stairs when the floor started to give way. We feral to the ground and I could feel something pop in my knee. As we regained our composer we stood up with the victim and made our way to the front of the buildings where EMS was waiting. The Emts took her, put her on oxygen, put her on the stretcher, and loaded her in the ambulance. I told the Ems supervisor that when I fell I felt something pop in my knee. He told me to get in the ambulance that was about to leave. I got into the back with the girl I had just rescuehow ironic. On our way to the hospital the girl had started to regain consciousness a nd started to come back around. Of course she was scared and didnt know what was going on.

Simple wedding story :: essays research papers

I had just gotten hired by the New York City Fire Department, I was working the morning shift when a call when turn up for a fire in a taxpayer with possible people trapped. Since I was on the streak company our primary job was to find the possible trapped victims. We got on the road and immediately could smell the smoke, then dispatch came over radio and express police are on location reporting a 10-75,which is a working fire, and could see visible people trapped. Captain Merk yelled to the buns hold to go in. We arrived on scene and we could here people yelling about someone trapped on the second floor. My partner and I entered structure thru the back and proceeded up the stairs. We do our way thru the hallway checking every door we came upon. We got to the end of the hallway and could hear someone screaming and coughing from the last door on the left hand side. We made our way into the room and my partner and I started searching for the victim. Over the radio we could hear the battalion chief calling for the 2nd alarm the fire was getting worse. We kept searching our area but couldnt hear the screaming or coughing anymore as we sped up our search we made our way into the bathroom and there she was laying on the floor by the window. My partner and I picked her up and started making our way out of the building. We made it to the bottom of the stairs when the floor started to give way. We fell to the ground and I could feel something pop in my knee. As we regained our composer we stood up with the victim and made our way to the front of the buildings where EMS was waiting. The Emts took her, put her on oxygen, put her on the stretcher, and loaded her in the ambulance. I told the Ems supervisor that when I fell I felt up something pop in my knee. He told me to get in the ambulance that was about to leave. I got into the back with the girl I had just rescuehow ironic. On our way to the infirmary the girl had started to regain consciousness and started to come back around. Of course she was scared and didnt know what was going on.

Project Management Institute Essay

The main motive of the Project Management Institute is to make the project oversight indispensable for the generation of the net business results. PMI functions in everywhere 170 countries having members more than 265000 at their advantage, thus making it as a leading membership association for the profession of project management.It is one among the vanquish not-for-profit and non-political governance which conducts programs with the governments, industries and organizations to deliver the best project management programs with the best results. PMI education foundation speaks on the knowledge gaining and portraying the skills and the art for educational and social welfare.PMI excessively promotes enquiry and providing avenues for building up wealth of information and also indulging in offering certification, networking and activities involving the community at large, thus managing to attain its world(a) presence and global certification in their noble profession. Scope of its Membership Becoming a member of the PMI institute gives an opportunity for the members to get themselves certified as a nonrecreational imparting and demonstrating the skills required thereby helping themselves in standing out in the crowd.To become a member PMI has varied plans suiting the divergent segments ground on their needs where in there are plans for an individual for those willing to learn and update the best practices in businesses, student those having degree program at a recognized institute, retiree having retired from active employment and has a good reputation for 5 consecutive years and those interested in renewing their memberships (renewal).The heterogeneous benefits which the memberships provide include the vast knowledge sharing and information search happening in generating the opportunities for themselves and the institute. It gives immense openings for capturing on the capability of getting them networked through the different PMI communities there b y getting nurtured with respect to the leadership qualities and being an active participants as volunteers in the various communities, certification programs, research programs, standard programs etc.The members also have scope of getting accessed to the knowledge resources of PMI known as the Project Management Body of Knowledge and also their career frameworks. Along with this opportunity which the members merchantman acquire, they also have an edge over non-members in terms of getting access to the various publications, journals, e-links, virtual library, eReads and References which are set by PMI.The reason one should join PMI is to allow them to be build relationships, improvise on once skills, gain the latest and the first hand information and learn some of the best known practices. Memberships in PMI showcase certain features and characteristics to the peers which indicate their enthusiasm in quality, productivity and return on investments, their seriousness about their own individual breeding and their own profession and finally their commitment to the ethical business practices shown by the institute.The services which PMI provides to its members With respect to the career development provided to the members of PMI, the association helps in availing the Certification and the Credentials, providing an massive job search database which is availed by Career Headquarters at PMI, Making themselves groomed by undertaking various Training and Events happening by seminar worlds, to e-learning initiatives and providing the ultimate solution to the best practices and opportunities in the field of learning and in turn meeting up to the schedules, goals and the interests of the institution.PMI also guides the members in customer services, flexibility in ever-changing and viewing orders, information on payment, pricing and promotions opportunities, shipping and handling assistance, privacy and security all under one umbrella known best for its marketplace. PMI has a strong Business Solutions concept which keeps the members get going by the challenges they have in career framework, Business and Government solutions on a global nominal head to build up the institution on a worldwide basis and providing Organizational maturity in terms of managing the projects, programs and portfolios to generate and plan for its growth.This PMI provides project management implementation and consultancy services to their members and customers by providing added benefits in terms of the latest releases, news archives, articles of interests etc. The five major groups which PMI builds upon its profession are Initiating, Planning, Executing, Monitoring and Controlling and stoppage phases and the various knowledge areas which they address to are integration, scope, time, cost, quality, human resources, communications, risk management and procurement.

The Master Gardener

English 1301 Week 3 The Descriptive Essay Gwendolyn Wiley The Master Gardener We arrive at First Christian church service and as we approach the large rosy-cheeked doors, I began to reflect on the days, months, and years past. A man awaits us just past those clenche chromatic doors k todayn as the worlds superior gardener. As a child, I remember this building seeing so large with its t alone dishy painted windows similar to the ones you might find in a Roman Catholic Cathedral. The edifice and structure of the building covered with large dark red rocks that remind you of giraffe spots.I would visit often, as a child the air of the place seems sacred and holy. The building towers up as a grand ole go of the days of old. On the side of this massive structure, lies a beautiful garden. When we enter, the huge archway there is a feeling that you are entering into the garden of God, alter with beautiful pink gardenias, fiery red roses, white lilies, and yellow daisies the lawn alw ays freshly manicured with a look of a green sea that flows through the total garden leaving you feeling tranquil about life.The dogwood trees would bloom for each one spring filling the air with sweet incense that the creator would seem to smile. They stretched forth as though they struggled to find their way to the sky almost like the twisted frame of the man that cared for them. This is Jimmys garden. Charles James capital of Mississippi aka Jimmy a small frame man with those big gray eyes and grand smile could bring light in the darkest of rooms. He gives bone-crushing hugs to all he met. He served as a custodian, caretaker, and trustee at First Christian Church.Jimmy dedicated over fifty years of service to this community. He graceful with great care and attention to detail all the grand brass within the structure. He gave such care of the large brass bells, which he rang during each wedding, baby dedication and coming of age ceremony as though he gave his approval of each a ct. He would witness more than three extension of children from birth to marriage of this great congregation. He gave advice to each generation as though they were his own children showing that great smile ensuring each felt his lamb by giving a bone crushing hug.Jimmy a humped back man only because he stops to bend down to hug and pick up so many children. Everyone loves Jimmy Mr. Gilmore a lifelong friend of Jimmys says, God has a master gardener now. Jimmys garden is a landmark in Meridian Ms everyone knows where First Christian Church is because of this elaborate garden. As the first twitch of autumn falls so does Jimmy entering into the final resting place as a seed the way so many in which he planted.Jimmy Jackson my father passed away October 19, 2012. His little three room white house with a porch covered with flowers and plants left as a reminder of that owing(p) gardener. During the funeral there were more than a dozen people stand and proclaim how Jimmy influenced the ir lives, many would paint a portrait of him so vivid it seemed that an all in all different person was lying inside that cold gray casket. The most vivid remembrance to me is that knee-slapping laugh.He laughs deeply each time he laughs it seems as though it comes from a place so deep within him he almost falls over. Oh, the way he could laugh, it is a infectious laugh. If you did not know what he was saying, you laugh because he is laughing. Jimmy Jackson, the man with a green thumb, warm heart, and bright smile is gone but not forgotten. This is the worlds greatest gardener and I will echo Mr. Gilmore now God has a master gardener. Charles James Jackson we miss you, we love you rest in sleep until we meet again.

In Broad Daylgith Essay

In Broad Daylight is ab place Mu Ying, nicknamed Old Whore. She has affairs with assorted men and is cosmosly denounced and paraded before the community by the fierce Guards who travel from another city and happen to know her bad name. Her dwarf peddler preserve Meng Su tries to rescue her from the public humiliation, only to be humiliated himself by the passing Guards, the spectators and his wife as well. Finally, he is found crushed by a train, and Mu Ying lies alone at bus stop, deranged.Written from the point view of a naive boy, nicknamed W encountere Cat, Ha Jin intends to portray through untainted and authentic lens a Chinese woman with a self-awakening feminist consciousness who stands up for her familiarity. Turning point number one in the story is when the questioning of Mu Ying has started and has to confess her crimes of criminal conversation with three other men. She then comes to the point where she explains the feeling of pauperisming a man holding her with hi s strong arms very detailed.After Mu Ying describes this feeling of sexual need, a woman who is the mother of pillage Hips speaks from the front of the crowd and says You have your own man, who doesnt lack an arm or a leg. Its falsely to have others men and more wrong to pocket their money (Jin 156). And on this moment Mu Ying is still recovering from a punch of the Red Guards and still replies with a smirk on her face looking down on her husband I have my own man? (Jin 156). My man is nothing. He is no full(a), I mean in bed. He always comes before I feel anything (Jin 156).As a central focus of the public denunciation, Mu appeared to be rather tranquillise when she was caught at home. She neither protested nor said a word, but followed the Red Guards quietly. In her eyes, these Red Guards were only a group of children. She did not expect that the join forces of the Red Guards and the revolutionary masses in the town would be tremendous enough to put her in destruction more im portantly, she did not think that her behavior had violate any rule or law. When her husband appealed to the Red Guards, she stared at him without a word, and a faint smile passed the corners of her mouth.In her yes, the behavior of her impotent husband is scholarly and ridiculous. When the Red Guard asked her why she seduced men and paralyze heir revolutionary will with your bourgeois poison (156), she responded rather calmly with a rhetorical question, Ive never invited any man to my home, have I? (Jin 156). When several women hissed in the crowd, she even tried to persuade them by citing her own experience Sisters, she spoke aloud. alone right, it was wrong to sleep with them. But you all know what it feels like when you want a man, dont you? Dont you once in a while have that feeling in your bones? Contemptuously, she looked at the few withered middle-aged women standing in the front row, then closed her eyes. Oh, you want that real man to have you in his arms and let him tou ch every part of your body. For that man alone you want to blossom into a woman, a real woman (Jin 156). As a group of juveniles, White Cat and his companions know little about the adult life. This limitation behaves their participation a journey of discovery. When adults burst out laughing at Mu Yings assertion of her husbands impotence, the teenagers appeared to be puzzled. The dialogue between them shows this point clearly Whats that?Whats so funny? Big Shrimp asked Bare Hips. You didnt get it? Bare Hips said impatiently. You dont know anything about what happens between a man and a woman. It means that whenever she doesnt want him to come close to her he comes. Bad timing. It doesnt sound like that, I said (Jin 157). Obviously, Bare Hips does not know any more than Big Shrimp though his impatient tone tries to conceal this ignorance. Ignorant as he is, Bare Hips makes so bold as to cry at Mu Ying, Shameless Old Whore (Jin 154). Impossible to perceive, the innocent children are acting the role of accomplice in the public denunciation against Mu.Their thoughts and behaviors manifest the influence they have taken from their parents. In this sense, the innocent teenagers have degenerated from lovely angels to dreadful demons. This is a turning point because when the red guards pulled Mu Ying out of her house and started patrolling her through the city streets to get her to the school yard to sentence her, her husband came running from a street corner begging to let Mu Ying go Please dont take her away. Its my fault. I havent disciplined her well. Please give her a change to be a new person. I promise, she wont do it again (Jin 155).And even though I have a feeling Mu Ying does not take the Red guards judging protocol as a serious punishment at that point, once she has confessed everything it all gets to her. That is when she gets the feeling that she really has humiliated and damage her husband, because she is looking for him afterwards she got hit with an ink bottle, only to find that he suddenly left the scene. That is the point she says she does not want to be punished after all and promises to better herself. What I saw as turning point number two becomes clear in the last paragraph, which means I did not see that really as the conclusion.It is the scene where Mu Ying is lying alone at the bus stop, saying Take me home. Oh, help me. Who can help me? Where are you? wherefore dont you come and carry me home (Jin 156). It is a perfect example of You dont know what you have until it is gone. The second train that use its steam horn killed the husband of Mu Ying and made her a widow and truly alone. What I mean with that is that Mu Ying already felt alone because her man was not good enough for her. This feeling of loneliness combined with her husbands underachieving partly lead to her committing adultery.Now with her husband dead, she finally exactly knows what it actually means to be alone. But moreover the story clearly shows that her husband saved her live once, after she was raped and now he again tries to get her off the hook, by taking the blame. Her grudge against men because of this rape is probably the other part of why she turned to adultery. It is almost shameful to observe that Mu Ying herself is not punished as the Old Whore, where Meng Su did not only try to take the blame, but also gets himself punished like in Old China.While the Red Guards only make her walk down every street saying the words I am an evil monster (Jin 160), instead of burning her alive, Meng Su is beheaded like in the old days. I strongly felt a parallel between the blare of horns announcing the beheading of Mu Yings husband. In Ha Jins story, the rough wipeout of Meng Su, the husband, constitutes an unscheduled event, which brings White Cat and his companions to the violence of the adult world. The public denunciation of Mu Ying was no longer a thrilling scene, but something that touched them to their souls, evoking the ir introspection or maybe disillusion about the world.Bare Hipss vomiting is a strong signal, indicating the shocking effect that the violence may have brought to him. After the shocking experience, they are no longer innocent adolescences, but adults struggling at the verge of understanding. This whole story turned out like a gruesome, sad circle of misery and unanswered love to me. I think Meng Su loved Mu Ying dearly, but couldnt take her grudge against men away that she got from the rape by the Russians. Imaginably, as a victim of the gang rape, she must have experienced a hard time of being treated with disdain.Instead of being hit to death by the accident, she has walked out of the shadow of the concept of chastity, and began to enjoy the pleasure of the flesh as well as economic benefits brought about by men, the invader of her virginity. The bitter time she has experienced has actually hardened her heart and paved the way for her further self-liberation, both physically and spiritually. Meng Su couldnt cope with not conservation her from the shame that the Red Guard trial put on her and killed himself, leaving his beloved Mu Ying really alone and helpless at the bus stop.

Workplace and Employee Motivation

In recent years, the topic of workplace and employee motivation has emerged as a significant concern for both employers and care personnel. An analysis of such strategies at a drive Retail Store provides an example of how such motivational strategies affect the companys sales, profits, workplace morale, and future. unrivaled of the most important issues at a take aim Retail Store is the timely system and manner of placing and displaying the merchandise on the sales floor beforehand the store actually opens to the public at 800 a. m. This must be effectively done with limited resources and staff.As a moment, management must be able to appropriately and effectively motivate all staff employees and improve performance and employees resistance to increasing productivity. This paper will examine the organizational efforts of Target Retail Stores in this area, and identify and analyze two motivational theories not currently in practice by Target. It will also apply the chosen motiv ational theories to management and discuss their impact and offer possible solutions that could project been implemented before employee motivation became an issue.In order to eliminate the time it normally took to neatly present merchandise on the sales floor, Target implemented a program that would effectively eliminate unnecessary forwarding (EDAs bolt out Reduction Update, 2005). The results of this was the elimination of approximately 1. 5 million pounds of waste, an estimated saved $4. 5 million through packaging reduction, and the implementation of a more efficient method of merchandise distribution (EDAs Waste Reduction Update, 2005).This led to an easier and more efficient merchandise placement in preparation for store beginning each morning. Before the programs implementation, Targets management team observed both the amount of waste from packaging and the time workers spent opening and unwrapping shipments (EDAs Waste Reduction Update, 2005). The team found that a gr eat deal of labor was expended tearing apart packaging from merchandise. For example, one typical dress shipment contained 20 individually wrapped sweaters. The sweaters had to be unwrapped before they could be displayed in the store.The team ultimately determined that an entire shipment of 20 sweaters could be safely shipped in just one outside wrapper (EDAs Waste Reduction Update, 2005). The total reduction in packaging for the Target merchandise resulted in an estimated $3 million savings to the vendor for the reduced packaging material used in shipments (EDAs Waste Reduction Update, 2005). To take hold of whether the merchandise would arrive at the store in good condition, the Target Team asked its vendors to test its packaging reduction idea.After several shipments of clothing arrived unfurrowed and presentable, the team decided to change Targets packaging specifications to the vendor (EDAs Waste Reduction Update, 2005). Targets current goal is to ship floor-ready apparel an d minimize excess packaging floor-ready means that the merchandise requires minimal preparation before being displayed on the sales floor (EDAs Waste Reduction Update, 2005). As a result of an easier and more effective process, employee motivation in this area has been boosted.Although this method has join ond efficiency, there are other methods that can still be implemented to increase employee motivation and productivity. One such theory of employee motivation is called motivation theory, which seeks to explain all kinds of motivated deportment in different situations, including behavior in organizations. payment administration is an application of motivation theory (Mitchell, 1992). Since the majority of behavior is sense motivated, individuals are greatly influenced by their environment.Thus, organizations can influence peoples behavior by changing environments and rewards. The best known theory of motivation in this area is Maslows theory of human motivation, which centers o n the theory of physiological of necessity (Maslow, 1943). As link up to the theory of human motivation all people have a need or liking for a stable, formally found, mellowed evaluation of themselves, for self respect, self esteem, and respect from others (Maslow, 1943). By firmly based self-esteem, Maslows theory was that which is based upon real capacity, achievement and respect from others.However, motivation is not the sole determinant of behavior. Ability and knowledge of what one is supposed to do combine with motivation in determining behavior in organizations. Also, an organizations tasks vary in their requirements. Thus motivation can make little or much difference in performance, depending on the task. Another related motivational theory that could be applied to the Target Retail Store scenario is what is termed content theory. Content or arousal theories center on needs or drives. some(prenominal) physiological and social needs have been identified and studied.A ne ed for competence in mastering the environment is supposedly aroused when individuals are face up with new, challenging situations it dissipates after mastery (McLelland, 1976). Closely related are curiosity or activity needs people need and enjoy a elating environment, but they differ on this need and become adapted to certain levels of stimulation. A need for power has been suggested as a requirement for success in organizations. Effective managers may have a high need for power (McLelland, 1976).One problem with predicting behavior from individual needs is that people seem to have differing degrees of needs at different times of their lives (Maslow, 1943). An evaluation of the motivation theories based on needs probably focus on their limitations. Empirical studies have provided merely modest support for them, and the proportion of the variance in performance explained has been low (McGregor, 1960). If Target was to follow Maslows theory of motivation, the organization could i nfluence its employees behavior by changing environments and rewards.This means that a reward based type of program could be implemented that would encourage employees to participate as a result of the happening to receiving a bonus or reward. Since motivation theory is based on the fact that all people have a need or desire for a stable, formally based, high evaluation of themselves, management could use evaluations and other encouraging measures to increase self esteem, and respect from others in the workplace, thus enhancing employee motivation.Following a content needs based approach, Target management could implement an incentive program based on needs or drives. The management team could watch different physiological and social needs as related to customer service and retail and implement a program based on the results of their study. A content-based approach consisting of a contest could assist the employees in mastering any new, challenging situations that may arise in the ir workday.Since content theory is also based on the need for a stimulating environment, target could conduct stimulating team meetings and outings that would be interesting and motivate the employees that way. Finally, research indicates that employee motivation is directly related to the success of any organization. In order to be effective, the management at Target would greatly benefit from the implementation of any of the programs and theories discussed above. This implementation would further grow their continued success in the retail industry.

Marketing and Ideas Essay

parentage-to- subscriber line (B2B) describes commerce transactions amidst parentagees, such as between a manufacturer and a wholesaler, or between a wholesaler and a retailer. B2B (Business to Business) Branding is a term used in market placeing. B2B merchandising designing Goals & Objectives* Introduce my company to the market (develop company brand)* Introduce my products or services to the market* Introduce a new product/service to an existing market or markets* Introduce a new product/service to a new market?* Increase my market bundle* Stop market share erosion from competitors* Develop new market segments for my product/service* Increase profit margins* Improve my product service sales mix* Implement a new small business pricing strategyDifferences Between B2B & B2C MarketingThere are vast differences in business to consumer merchandising, known as B2C, and business to business marketing, known as B2B. These two types of marketing differ in the mediums, strategy and tec hniques employed. They also differ in their approaches, with consumer marketing attempting to r apiece the most consumers as possible, while business marketing attempts to reach a small slice of target customers.Marketing Appeal* Consumer and business marketing use antithetical strategies to supplication to their consumer base. Consumer marketing by definition is for the masses and appeals to base needs and wants. Whether it is for laundry detergent or a high-end watch, consumer marketing must play up the lifestyle-enhancement features of their product. Business marketing, on the other hand, appeals to practical concerns, such as cutting costs or growing revenue. For example, a software product that can eliminate manufacturing redundancies appeals to business owners desire to increase efficiency.Marketing Strategies* B2C and B2B marketers use different strategies to appeal to theirmarket segments. Consumer marketers try to capture the most eyeballs as possible, use metrics such a s viewers, market share and pay-per-impression. Business marketers prefer to know that their target consumer is being reached and do not care as much about the total itemize of views. These marketers seek out niche publications, websites and TV shows that will be viewed mostly by a particular business segment.Advertising Mediums* Consumer and business marketers choose different mediums to reach their clients. For example, a business marketer would be eager to sponsor an industry awards show or trade conference. They might also advertise in a niche trade magazine. A consumer marketer, meanwhile, seeks to maximize exposure with the most widely viewed mediums. The Super Bowl, which brings in about 100 million viewers each year, is a consumer marketers dream.Product vs. People-Driven MarketingA critical difference between B2C and B2B marketing involves the way the purchaser connects to the brand. Consumer-driven marketing is based on a association with the product to drive the brand. Business marketing is based on the relationship between individuals to propel the brand forward. If you are choosing a corporate legal plastered to represent your company, for example, you want to know and trust your attorneys. You need to meet them and gain a feel for the services they offer. On the other hand, consumer marketing is driven to a greater extent by the price, quality and personal satisfaction that a product can run.B2B Marketing IdeasBusiness-to-business, or B2B, products and services are a slightly different animate being when it comes to marketing. Traditional means of marketing wish cold calling and direct mail are not as effective. However, marketing to businesses is not impossible. With a few out-of-the-box tactics, like social networking and telecommunicate marketing, you can still generate some rewarding results. Ive listed a few ideas below.Email MarketingEmail marketing currently boasts one of the highest returns on investments(ROI) in the marketing are nacurrently a whopping $43 for every $1 spent, according to the Direct Marketing Association. The old trend use to be to buy a huge email list and blast them with your message. But since the CAN-SPAM law has been enacted, it is now illegal to email people without their permission. However, there are still ways to grow an in-house email list that can generate results.Search Marketing* Many B2B companies are using search engine marketing, both paid and organic (not paid), to generate traffic to their websites and landing pages. While going to a phone book might be the search method of the past, doing an online search using Google, Yahoo or Bing is what people do now when looking for potential business clients.Social Media Marketing* Sites like Facebook, Twitter and LinkedIn offer businesses a variety of ways to provide valuable content, engage their audience where they are and generate referrals quickly. While some may cerebrate these sites are strictly for business-to-consumer (B2C) enterprises, the B2B presence is growing. LinkedIn, especially, is a business social networking tool. The popularity of these social networks stems from the huge potential for word-of-mouth. Its all about creating a positive boil online about your brand that draws people to you.Blogging* Previously just the online journals of the cat lady, blogs, or Web logs, are now big business. According to Technoratis State of the Blogosphere tarradiddle for 2008, they have indexed 133 million blogs since 2002, and they range from personal to business. Business blogging provides a way to showcase news and products, demonstrate your knowledge as a thought leader, and provide information that is valuable in your industry. Great content will pull visitors to your site, where you have the opportunity to develop trust and loyal customers.Conclusion* Marketing has not only made a fundamental shift from push (interrupt audience with your message) to pull (attract people to your message) marketing in the B2C arena, but in the B2B arena as well. The tips listedabove, when done correctly, can help draw business clients to your message, service, product and brand.

1950s America Speech Essay

1950s the States Speech The 1950s were a remarkable time in the history of the unify States of America. Many of the events that occurred during this time inspired and molded the future of an entire generation. The economy was booming, bringing millions of Americans into the middle class. Government, Business, and Unions worked together to keep the economy spill, just now I believed the biggest squeeze in the economy in the 1950s decennary is the consumers. Consumer Culture is a culture where consuming goods become a marker of social states and a mien of creating meaning in the throngs lives. The demand of the consumers created many jobs for people.As a result there were millions of things the United States produced, and abundance of things to buy. America had the newest, coolest, hot railcar out like the Chev consumptiont Corvette and the Ford Thunderbird. America similarly produced the wristwatch, TVs, and the famous, girly toy in the world-the Barbie Doll. The best part w as credit cards were invented around this time every last(predicate)owing consumers to buy now, and feed off belatedr. Now with the economy going so great, there was a high cost in demand allowing jobs to be formed. Blue Color Jobs were people who atomic number 18 plumbers, bus-drivers, cab-drivers, warehouse workers and construction workers.White Color Jobs were people who are accountants, sales representatives and mid-management positions. In the 1950s women were the housewife and mostly stayed at home. However, in the late 50s women started to have jobs mostly like being teachers, nurses, stewardess, and secretaries. In 1950 the gross national product (also known as GNP) had $284. 6 billion dollars the US was by farther the largest economy in the world By the end of the decade the GNP stood at $482. 7 billion dollars. The 1950s played a huge role in segregation. Separate but equal was a famous quote to allow segregation seem okay.In truth, African Americans were always separ ate but never equal. However, in 1948 armed services were officially desegregation. Schools werent desegregated yet. An African-American girl had to walk 2 miles get to a dour school when a white school was only 6 blocks away. On May 17, 1954 with its Brown v. Board of Education decision, the U. S. Supreme Court ends segregation in public schools. This is the starting of the Civil even offs Movement. Just like today, Americans were sports crazy in the 1950s. Basketball, football, boxing were all typical sports that Americans loved, but one sport stood out of all of them.You guessed it baseball. All these sports expand in popularity due by technology and mass media such as idiot box, magazines, and radio. Integration was spreading to sports allowing the famous, Rookie of the Year- Jackie Robinson to play baseball. Baseball remained the most popular of American sports mainly because the New York Yankees winning 7 out of 9 World Series. LEGOs building bricks were the most popular activity to do. It required imagination allowing the author to build anything she/he wants to build. These LEGOs building bricks were for mainly children around 7 to 12 years of age.Skateboarding was a very popular activity for teenager during the 1950s. form changes all the time. Whats interesting about the 1950s fashion is that its let off acceptable nowadays. The teenage boys would were blue jeans, a white t-shirt, and a black leather jacket. To form a cool look. The hair style has longer than usual hair allowing longer sideburns for guys. This fashion was mainly influenced by Elvis Plessey. self-aggrandising up men would wear suits, a tie, and a hat to top it off. Most of the men would carry a suitcase. This fashion is known as the lineage man. Fashion for teenage girls is more sophisticated. What was in during the 1950s were the tight sweater for a top, poodle dog skirt (a long, full skirt with the image of a poodle on it), bobby socks (ankle-high socks) and saddle shoes ( sturdy shoes with a contrasting band of color). Teenage girls wore their hair up in a ponytail and wore a lot of Make-up. The only difference in clothes between teenage girls and women is women didnt wear the poodle skirt. Most women would wear a full-length dress and carry a purse. Music is everywhere its only annoying when its stuck in your head and you hear it repeat over and over through-out the whole day.But something peculiar(a) happen in the 1950s this was the decade Rock n Roll was introduced by The King-Elvis Plessey. Some of his famous songs include Thats All Right Mama, Heartbreak Hotel, Viva Las Vegas and the one I have stuck in my head right now, You Aint nothing but a Hound Dog. Not only does Elvis introduce a new type of music, but also Influence teens such as appearance in fashion, and behavior. He also influenced future musicians such as the Beatles. Elvis Plessey is one of the most famous musician/ actor in the 1950s. Let the Rock n Roll territory forever. Booooo m The baby boom started in 1946 and stop in 1964.A baby boom is when any period marked by a greatly change magnitude birth rate. The term baby boom most often refers to the dramatic postWorld War II baby boom (19461964). There are an estimated 78. 3 million Americans who were born during this demographic boom in births. Reasons why people started to have babies all around the same time because WW2 ended, people started to unite at a young, around the age of 20 was average and were ready to start a family. Science began to take off. In the 1950s Francis Crick and mob Watson discover the double-helix structure of DNA. An immunization vaccine is produced for polio.The first successful ultrasound test of the heart activity was in the 1950s. The CERN is established. (European Organization for Nuclear Research) The worlds first nuclear power plant is opened in Obninsk near Moscow. NASA is organized. (Later on we have a Space Race with the Soviet). President Harry S. Truman inaugurated continental television service on September 4, 1951 when he made a speech to the nation. AT&T carried his address from San Francisco and it was viewed from the west border to the east coast at the same time. One of the most popular cars in the 1950s was a Cadillac.If you owned one you would symbolize wealth, power, and success. Elvis Pressley owned a Cadillac and so did captains of their own, individual industry. Even Hollywood big-shots and the common worker who saved enough owned a Cadillac. For most people, the name Cadillac evokes images of the finned, chromed, and gadget-laden Fabulous Fifties models. These Cadillacs proved that America was emerging unscathed from the war and to the contrary, demonstrated a new-found prosperity which found expression in cars. For four decades starting from 1950, Cadillac had no series competition in the US market.The 1950s were The Golden Age of Television. Television was introduced to Americana in 1939 and began to gain a foothold after WW2. In the 1950s TV were and still are Americans source of entertainment. In the year of 1950, 5 million TVs were sold In 1950, just fewer than 20% of American homes contained a TV set. Ten years later, nearly 90% of homes contained a TV-and some even had color TVs. The three major networks NBC, CBS, ABC. Some of the top favorite TV shows The Texaco Star Theater, Arthur Godfreys Talent Scouts, I Love Lucy, The $64,000 Question, and Gunsmoke.Gradually, by the mid-fifties, there came electronic color television, which was followed by launching of remote control and transistorized television sets towards 1959. Thus, we can conclude that television in the 1950s brought an element of reality, news and fun for the people and also helped create a sense of awareness against all the social ills. The availability of movies and movie-related shows, reality shows, daily soaps and of course the news programs have made it the prime media of entertainment in every household.The 1950s truly were the d ecade of the TV. TVs allowed families to bond in the newly created suburbs. TVs also allowed advertisement. So in a way youre communicating and discovering new products and news about whats going on in the world. A womens best friend is TV because around the 1950s women usually stayed at home and watched TV shows. The 1950s rattling had events and importance also it isnt much different from our lives today. Many of the events that occurred during this time inspired and molded the future of an entire generation.

Global Crisis, Recession & Uneven Recovery

Global Crisis, corner and abrasive Reco real by Y. V. Reddy intensity Review by Nidhi Choudhari at that place is enough on this earth to beseeming the needs of exclusively, entirely not the greed of all. Mahatma Gandhi Why I picked up Y. V. Reddys Book There stand been a large number of supports published on current world(prenominal) fiscal crisis wherefore selection of this particular disc on the subject requires some reasoning. First, on that point argon not many another(prenominal) concurs written by primaeval bankers on the topic.Central banks have been central in the management of the crisis and whence, Dr Reddys book provides a central bankers assessment of the crisis and its partake. Second, on personal level, I have worked in rbi mingled with September 2006 and December 2011 and was witness to the measures taken by Reserve Bank before and during the crisis infra the able leadership of Dr Y. V. Reddy, the Governor, Reserve Bank of India (2003-2008). Having worked under his visionary leadership, I opted to take his book, Global Crisis, break and peculiar Recovery for review.Third, Dr Reddy led the course of fiscal pragmatism in times of relentless deregulating and ensured that Indian financial system does not fall into the blind race to bottom in order. Finally, having call for Dr Reddys previous book on the topic to wit India and the Global Financial Crisis Managing Money and finance, I was very keen on reading its sequel viz. Global Crisis, Recession and Uneven Recovery. For all these reasons, I selected this book and am thankful to Madam Nidhi Sharma for approving this book for review.The reviewed book is a collection of 27 speeches (given in the form of 27 chapters in 5 parts), Dr Reddy delivered at various points of time during and by and by the crisis. These chapters give a deeper insight into the actions taken by the RBI to mitigate the impact of the crisis in India and how India remained generally unaffected due to a dequate regulatory mechanisms. Dr Reddy has also been a member of the complaint of Experts of The President of the UN General Assembly on Reforms of The International Monetary and Financial System popularly cognise as Stiglitz Commission by and by its chairman Joseph Stiglitz.He has given several references about the recommendations of this UN Commission in the book. The nineteenth Chapter in the book is about the UN Commission recommendations about spherical crisis. Hence, the reader of the book gets an understanding of the planetary thinking on the crisis and its after effects. Whats there in the Book Economists have compared the current orbicular financial crisis to that of the great(p) Recession of 1930s. The current crisis has in fact, affected all countries across the world in different degrees and that way, it was truly a spheric recession.Today, the crisis is over however the recovery has started at different paces in different places. Dr Reddy is of the view that th e recovery from the world(prenominal) crisis is going to be prolonged and uneven. The book Global Crisis, Recession and Uneven Recovery provides an experienced policymakers understanding of the genesis, progression and impact of the financial crisis, and of the lessons it offered. It is written at a time when Indian economy is facing several challenges in terms of slowdown in harvest-feast rate, inflation, ballooning fiscal and current account deficit etc.The book contains Dr Reddys perspective and psychoanalysis of the crisis, recession and recovery in a simple, lucid and non-technical manner which appeals the reader. There are quintet sections in the book containing 27 chapters in all. The five sections relate to the global financial crisis and its aftermath, financial celestial sphere refresh and prospects, popular policy challenges and responses, global financial architecture the debates and India feat and prospects respectively. The first section of the book gives a luc id account of the financial crisis and its consequences in six chapters.In the first chapter, Dr Reddy talks about the role contend by central banks before, during and after the crisis. He writes that the accountability in regard to management of the crisis of the crisis will have to be shared between the central bank, the Ministry of Finance and, to some extent, the government as a whole. The spring writes about the consequences of the crisis viz. rebalancing of power between the regulator and the regulated, shift in balance of in prefer of Asia, rise of G-20 on the global platform and a cautious approach towards self-correcting efficiency of markets etc.Explanations with regard to the causes of the global financial crisis and an overview of the prolonged extensive excesses that acted synchronically to cause the global crisis are discussed in detail. The second section of the book focuses on the future of the financial sector with some cautious remarks about uncertain recovery and prospects for the futures. The antecedent high lightheadeds the role of financial regulation in developing countries. Dr Reddy writes that the causes and crossborder transmission of the crisis may differ significantly between the advanced as well as between the developing economies. There is a detailed chapter on countercyclical policies adopted by the RBI in the financial sector and also on the proposals for financial sector regulatory reforms from the perspective of developing countries. He discusses the future of globalisation of finance and the global regulation of the financial sector. The last chapter of this section provides a broad framework for global financial regulation. The third section deals with the public policy challenges and responses that emerged during the current global crisis.He has discussed the feasibility of Tobin Tax and Financial Sector Taxation in light of current crisis. Dr Reddy has also thrown light on the developmental dimension of the financial sector, fiscal implications of the global crisis and macroeconomic frameworks that are emerging for ensuring boilers suit global financial stability. The forth section raises a very important concern of modern times i. e. reform of global financial architecture comprising of the World Bank, the IMF and the WTO. In this section, Dr Reddy has discussed the recommendations of the UN Commission on the global crisis.He has also analysed the G-20 framework and its future prospects. Finally the book focuses on Indias performance and prospects Indias experience in regulating the financial sector and the need for reform in Indias financial sector. The rootage also compares Indian situation with that of Asia and the global economy in terms of resilience and recovery after the crisis. The last chapter in concluding section draws attention to the exit strategies being considered at the global as well as national level by the authorities to revert back to normality.Take Away from the Book As the book is entitled Global Crisis, Recession and Uneven Recovery, the biggest take away after reading of the book would be a clear and better understanding of these three terms viz. (1) Global Crisis, (2) Recession and (3) Uneven Recovery. I personally would like to share my understanding of these three aspects in greater detail with the help of excerpts from the book in the future(a) points Global Crisis Reasons, Consequences and Lessons Learnt Several reasons have been cited for the novel crisis viz. ailure of state, market, governance, intellect and morality. Dr Reddy writes, The current global crisis originated in multiple causes that reinforced each other. Extensive excesses on several fronts, which occurred in a synchronised fashion, precipitated the crisis. These excesses were observed in liquidity, macroeconomic imbalances, focus on inflation, inequalities, financialisation, leverage, risk-taking, deregulation, financial innovation, networking, greed, globalisation and co ncentration. 1 While discussing the moral aspect of global crisis, Dr Reddy writes, the large sections of society favoured individualism, narrowly emphasising hold dear for money as con effecters and returns on money as investors over other aspects of social behaviour, such as being good citizen or extending corporate loyalty to the institution. 2 Dr Reddy discusses the race to bottom in regulation of financial sector as one of the most crucial reason for the global financial crisis.He writes, the excesses in financial sector occurred under a benign public policy that believed the costs of regulation to be greater than its benefits Even the existing regulation was stymied by excessive innovations in finance that aimed to avoid the positive regulatory capital, and injected complexity to undermine the rules of transparency prescribed by regulators. 3 As far as consequences of the crisis are concerned, Dr Reddy is of the view that the current crisis will result in rebalancing of id eological, institutional and operational functioning of states and 1 2 rapscallion 46, Chapter 3 Page 43, Chapter 2 3 Page 59, Chapter 4 markets. He writes, In recent years, there has been an almost irrefutable arrogance in favour of markets and this may be replaced with a refutable presumption in favour of the markets. 4 As a result of the crisis, the irrefutable support for unfettered markets stands push aside and so also the belief that the growth of the financial sector leads to economic development. Also, the crisis has added to the objectives of central banks an additional business i. e. inancial stability. The RBI has also taken it to its objectives alongwith growth and price stability. The author calls for redefining the core banking and recommends treatment of commercial banking as a public utility. He writes, universal banking will be de-emphasised and narrow banking, in the sense of banks concent grade on core commercial banking or deposits and lending will be emphasis ed In brief, commercial banking is promising to be closer to a public utility than before, and hence subject to regulations akin to public utilities. 5 He further stresses, It should be recognised that there will be no banks if there are no depositors. 6 As regards lessons from the crisis, Dr Reddy suggests that improving transparency and regulatory oversight of hedge funds, credit rating agencies and over-the-counter (OTC) derivatives should become a priority in the light of the experience from the crisis. 7 Interestingly, the author suggests in the light of observations of the Warwick Commission Report that the scope for and desirability of an unlevelled playing field as an instrument of financial sector regulation ought to be explored. As a thinker and an oracle who sees the future of financial sector with great precision, he writes, the crisis is global actions are national benefits could be selective or universal but burdens in the future may have to be largely borne by the ma sses who bear no responsibility for the crisis, and those who did not benefit materially from the events that led the crisis. 9 Recession In Chapter 6, the author discusses the slap-up Recession of 2009 in detail and thereafter as per the demand of the subject.He clarifies the concepts of depression, recession and slowdown. A slowdown is a clear fall in the growth of an economy. It is usually a short-term phenomenon lasting say a quarter or a year. The author defines slowdown as a drop in the growth rate by one percentage point. To him, recession refers to a sustained decline in the overall economic activity for a period of more than one year. Depression lasts longer than recession and refers to a longer and larger decline in business activity, mainly reflected in huge drop in output and unemployment. 4 5Page 28, Chapter 1 Page 78, Chapter 5 6 Page 217, Chapter 14 7 Page 172, Chapter 12 8 Page 157, Chapter 10 9 Page 63, Chapter 4 Uneven Recovery If the Great Recession was uneven, so is the recovery. 10 Dr Reddy discusses several responses to the crisis at different points in several chapters. He writes in Chapter 4, Initially, the response of monetary authorities, followed by fiscal measures, was confined to the US, UK, Switzerland, other atomic number 63an countries, and Japan, but it was soon established that it was necessary to involve other countries as well in globally coordinated actions. The author has discussed five possible patterns that could be followed by the countries in their course of recovery. The highly resilient economies may observe quick recovery from the crisis while less resilient economies would require a longer time to adjust to the young realities and ensure real recovery. Some economies may suffer from double dip recession before flesh out recovery while some other countries may prefer taking structural measures over a prolonged period thereby opting for a slow but positive recovery after recession.Some countries may register a lo w level of economic activity for a prolonged period and therefore suffer from recession for a much longer period than the rest of the world. Critique of the Book I consider myself too small to write a critique of the book written by Y. V. Reddy however, as a reader of global crisis literature I have observed a few points which I will share with the readers of this book review.This book being written by a Central Banker is largely concerned with central banks role in dealing with such crisis and redefining of the role of central banks in the wake of need for financial stability. In this pursuit, the role of government in dealing with such crisis has been ignored to some extent. Similarly, the book was published in the year 2011 when a number of countries in Europe were facing sovereign debt crisis however, only a passing reference is made to such an important global event which has pushed many countries in double dip recession.Apart from this, the book is worth reading by all economi cs lovers and also all policy makers as it gives a deeper insight into the global crisis, recession and recovery. To sum up, I would prefer to quote Sir Howard Davies, Director London School of Economics who applauds the book in the following words, Dr Reddys (book) fills an important gap He has lived at the heart of financial system and understands its strengths and weaknesses His analysis of the problems of the global financial architecture is particularly acute. 10 Page 93, Chapter 6

Foreign Direct Investment: An Overview Essay

What is outside(prenominal) channel enthronisation?Foreign cypher investiture (FDI) is defined as a long-term investing by a outside govern investor in an endeavor resident in an economy other than that in which the immaterial direct investor is based. The FDI relationship consists of a p atomic number 18nt enterprise and a foreign affiliate which together form a transnational mass (TNC). In order to qualify as FDI the investiture must afford the parent enterprise withstand over its foreign affiliate. The UN defines control in this case as makeing 10% or more of the popular shares or voting power of an incorporated unattackable or its equivalent for an unincorporated hard.Understanding Foreign Direct InvestmentForeign direct enthronement (FDI) plays an extraordinary and growing theatrical role in planetary business. It can provide a firm with saucy foodstuffs and selling channels, cheaper output facilities, doorway to new engineering, products, skills and fin ancing. For a army ut nearming or the foreign firm which receives the enthronization, it can provide a source of new technologies, capital, processes, products, organizational technologies and management skills, and as such can provide a strong impetus to sparing development. Foreign direct investment, in its classic definition, is defined as a company from one coldming making a physical investment into building a factory in a nonher earth. In recent years, given rapid growing and change in global investment patterns, the definition has been broadened to include the acquisition of a lasting management interest in a company or enterprise outside the investing firms headquarters country.As such, it may take many forms, such as a direct acquisition of a foreign firm, construction of a facility, or investment in a joint venture or strategic on the wholeiance with a local anaesthetic anesthetic firm with attendant input of engineering, licensing of intellectual property, I n the past decade, FDI has come to play a major role in the internationalization of business. Reacting to changes in technology, growing liberalization of the national regulatory framework judicature investment in enterprises, and changes in capital markets profound changes remove occur bolshie in the size, scope and methods of FDI.New information technology outlines, decline in global communication cost have made management of foreign investments far easier than in the past. The sea change in disdain and investment policies and the regulatory environment globally in the past decade, including trade policy and tariff liberalization, easing of restrictions on foreign investment and acquisition in many nations, and the deregulation and privatization of many industries, has probably been the most(prenominal) significant catalyst for FDIs aggrandiseed role.The most profound effect has been seen in developing countries, where yearly foreign direct investment flows have incr facilit ate from an average of less(prenominal) than $10 one thousand thousand in the 1970s to a yearly average of less than $20 billion in the 1980s, to explode in the 1990s from $26.7billion in 1990 to $179 billion in 1998 and $208 billion in 1999 and now comprise a large portion of global FDI. Proponents of foreign investment render out that the exchange of investment flows benefits both the floor country (the country from which the investment originates) and the host country (the destination of the investment).The push factors indicate the benefits to the investors and the pull factors to the host countries. First, international flows of capital reduce the risk confront by owners of capital by allowing them to diversify their lending and investment. Second, FDI allows capital to seek out the highest rate of return. Third, FDI helps to expand market. For the host countries, it can contribute to the general development as well as to the poverty step-down objective in a variety of ways . Major benefits to host countries are as follows FDI allows transfer of technologyparticularly in the form of new varieties of capital inputsthat cannot be achieved through financial investments or trade in goods and services. FDI can in any case promote challenger in the domestic input market. Recipients of FDI often build employee training in the course of operating the new businesses, which contributes to human capital development in the host country. Profits generated by FDI contribute to corporate tax revenues in the host country. Thus, it contributes not unaccompanied to the direct source of investment but also to the policy-making sympathies revenue. FDI helps to integrate the host countries economy to the global economy.Determinants of FDIFDI is the investment decision of profit-maximising firms facing world-wide competition and where significant differences in cost structures (due to say, factor productivity, wage differential) loose cross-border investment and production. a. Institutional features of the host country degree of political stability and government intervention in the economy the existence of property law legislation the property and tax system adequate stand, and so forth b. Economic factors trade and investment regime the degree of openness of the host countries, the absorptive capacity and growth prospects of the host country fix and variable costs of production relocation the degree of monopolistic competition which prevents the entry of other (domestic and foreign firms general macro sparing performance (inflation, monetary and fiscal policy) etc.c. insurance related factors Fiscal (tax rebates and exemptions) and financial incentives (subsidized loans), laws that restrict FDI in certain sectors on the ground of political sensitiveness of certain industries (oil, broadcasting, etc.) policy that restricts the degree of foreign ownership, (temporal or permanent) the remittance of interest, dividends and fees for technolo gy and the shares allowed to foreign -owned firms through limits on capital repatriation, minimum investment, etc. d. Characteristics of the labor force education, skills, etc. close to features of world FDI drilla. The stabbing increases in world FDI activities that started after 1985. b. Increased activity and concentration of FDI. Indeed, in the 1990s, FDI has become one of the most important sources of external finance in developing countries. USA has become the largest host country in international capital markets, receiving capital from both Japan and Europe. Japan has emerged as a major home country of FDI outflows.c. Developing countries have liberalized financial markets and offered special incentives (lower taxes, subsidies for infrastructure, etc) to attract FDI in the hope of acquiring technical transfer, know-how, and in general, positive externalities.Basic pillowcases of FDI Greenfield investment direct investment in new facilities or the intricacy of existing fa cilities. Greenfield investments are the primary station of a host nations promotional efforts because they compel new production capacity and jobs, transfer technology and know-how, and can lead to linkages to the global marketplace. However, it often does this by crowding out local industry multinationals are able to produce goods more cheaply (because of mod technology and efficient processes) and uses up resources (labor, intermediate goods, etc). Another downside of greenfield investment is that profits from production do not feed back into the local economy, but instead to the multinationals home economy. This is in demarcation line to local industries whose profits flow back into the domestic economy to promote growth. Mergers and Acquisitions transfers of existing assets from local firms to foreign firms takes place the primary type of FDI. Cross-border mergers occur when the assets and operation of firms from different countries are combined to establish a new legal ent ity. Cross-border acquisitions occur when the control of assets and operations is transferred from a local to a foreign company, with the local company becoming an affiliate of the foreign company. Unlike greenfield investment, acquisitions provide no long term benefits to the local economy even in most deals the owners of the local firm are paid in commonplace from the acquiring firm, meaning that the money from the sale could never reach the local economy. Horizontal Foreign Direct Investment investment in the same industry foreign as a firm operates in at home. Vertical Foreign Direct Investment Takes two forms1) Backward vertical FDI where an industry afield provides inputs for a firms domestic production process. 2) Forward vertical FDI in which an industry abroad sells the outputs of a firms domestic production.FDI based on the motives of the investing firmFDI can also be categorized based on the motive behind the investment from the perspective of the investing firm Resour ce Seeking Investments which seek to acquire factors of production that are more efficient than those obtainable in the home economy of the firm. In some cases, these resources may not be available in the home economy at all (e.g. cheap labor and inhering resources). This typifies FDI into developing countries, for example seeking natural resources in the Middle East and Africa, or cheap labor in Southeast Asia and Eastern Europe. merchandise Seeking Investments which aim at either penetrating new markets or maintaining existing ones. FDI of this kind may also be employed as defensive strategy it is argued that businesses are more likely to be pushed towards this type of investment out of fear of losing a market rather than discovering a new one. susceptibility Seeking Investments which firms hope will increase their efficiency by exploiting the benefits of economies of scale and scope, and also those of common ownership. It is suggested that this type of FDI comes after either r esource or market seeking investments have been realized, with the expectation that it further increases the party favorableness of the firm. Importance of FDIMaking a direct foreign investment allows companies to accomplish several tasks Avoiding foreign government pressure for local production.Circumventing trade barriers, hidden and otherwise.Making the move from domestic export sales to a locally-based national sales office. Capability to increase total production capacity.Opportunities for co-production, joint ventures with local partners, joint marketing arrangements, licensing, etc.What do companies considering FDI require?Depending on the industry sector and type of business, a foreign direct investment may be an attractive and viable option. With rapid globalization of many industries and vertical consolidation rapidly taking place on a global level, at a minimum a firm needs to keep abreast of global trends in their industry. From a competitive standpoint, it is importa nt to be aware of whether a companys competitors are expanding into a foreign market and how they are doing that. At the same time, it also becomes important to monitor how globalization is affecting domestic clients. Often, it becomes imperative to follow the expanding upon of key clients overseas if an active business relationship is to be well-kept.New market access is also another major reason to invest in a foreign country. At some stage, export of product or service reaches a particular mass of amount and cost where foreign production or location begins to be more cost effective. Any decision on investing is thusly a combination of a number of key factors includingassessment of internal resources,competitiveness,market analysismarket expectations.From an internal resources standpoint, does the firm have senior management support for the investment and the internal management and system capabilities to support the set up time as well as ongoing management of a foreign subsid iary? Has the company conducted extensive market research involving both the industry, product and local regulations governing foreign investment which will set the broad market parameters for any investment decision? Is at that place a realistic assessment in place of what resource utilization the investment will incriminate?Has information on local industry and foreign investment regulations, incentives, profit retention, financing, distribution, and other factors been completely canvas to determine the most viable vehicle for entering the market (greenfield, acquisition, merger, joint venture, etc.)? Has a plan been bony up with reasonable expectations for expansion into the market through that local vehicle? If the foreign economy, industry or foreign investment climate is characterized by government regulation, have the relevant government agencies been contacted and concurred? Have political risk and foreign exchange risk been factored into the business plan?Policies to at tract Foreign Direct InvestmentThere is keen competition among developed and developing countries to attract foreign direct investment (FDI).This motion to lure investment often extends to the sub national level, with different regional authorities pursuing their own strategies and assembling their own baskets of incentives to attract new investments. Various reforms and strategies have been implemented, with mixed results. Some are critical of the high costs of many of these initiatives, arguing that it would be more rewarding to improve a countrys general business environment.The many different methods used by policymakers to attract FDI and their effectiveness are as follows providing targeted fiscal incentives, such as tax concessions, cash grants, and specific subsidies improving domestic infrastructure promoting local skills development to meet investor needs and expectations establishing broad-reaching FDI promotion agencies improving the regulatory environment and decre asing red tape and engaging in international governing arrangements.Promotional efforts to attract foreign direct investment (FDI) have become the important point of competition among developed and developing countries. This competition is also maintained when countries are adopting economic integration at another level. While some countries lowering standards to attract FDI in a race to the bottom, others praise FDI for raising standards and welfare in recipient countries.Countries have adopted their various(prenominal) policies for attracting more investment. Some countries rely on targeted financial concessions like tax concessions, cash grants and specific subsidies. Some countries focus on improving the infrastructure and skill parameter and creating a base meet the demands and expectations of foreign investors. Others try to improve the general business climate of a country by changing the administrative barriers and red tapism. Many governments have created state agencies t o help investors through this administrative paperwork. Finally most of the countries have entered into international governing arrangements to increase their attractiveness for more investment.Sound investment climate is crucial for economic growth. Microeconomic reforms aimed at simplifying business regulations, strengthening property rights, improving labor market flexibility, and increasing firms access to finance are necessary for raising living standards and reducing poverty in a country. renew is necessary for creating an investment-oriented climate. Reform management matters as investment climate reforms are done politically. They often favor unorganized over organized groups and the benefits tend to accrue only in the long term, while costs are felt up front. Political decisions play a significant role in this context. each(prenominal) and every country over the globe is stepping forward to change the climate for attracting more investment. Opening up of doors by most of t he nations have compelled them for adopting reforms.Relaxation of rules and regulations, of course, is an essential requirement but not sufficient on its own to bring in FDI. As the study points out, business rules in India still bar FDI in most sectors. It was only last February that the government there decided to allow FDI of upto 51 percent in the single brand retail sector, which is expected to trigger a new flurry of investment. As things stand, Pakistan is far ahead of India in terms of offering all kinds of incentives to foreign investors although some administrative bottlenecks still proceed to be removed. It also boasts a high economic growth rate and there exists a consensus among all political forces on following the market economy model.Still, it has failed to catch the fancy of foreign investors at the want level. The designated target was to raise foreign investment from 1 billion dollars to 27 billion dollars during a five-year period. That target is nowhere near realization.The government claims to have brought foreign investment to the 3 billion dollars mark this year. exclusively that is a fallacious claim since the money has come in on account of privatization of government-owned entities. There has only been a transfer of assets from the public sector into private hands no new generation of activity in the retail or production sector, which is badly wanted to address the twin problems of poverty and unemployment. The smudge underscores the need not only to remove administrative hurdles but also to create ease of operations vis--vis law and order and the socially restrictive atmosphere.

Nicholson and Riley “Indiana writers in history”

Nicholson and Riley are two of the most celebrated atomic number 49 writers in history. Their portrayal of the culture is outstanding considering they each didnt completed high school. Their books came from the vegetable marrow of atomic number 49. They are both considered true sons of Central inch. In the essays they both had different views of Indiana, but both were careen on the same premise of homey, beautiful and comfortable. Riley and Nicholson brought a real feel to the images they wrote rough.. The two writers created an atmosphere about Indiana that everyone would enjoy.Riley and Nicholson saw different things in Indiana and they both loved the show and all aspects of it. The traditions the authors created were well-nigh of pride and glory of the difference they had between other states. Hoosiers were rather bias when it came to there own state. They plan of it as state in which someone really didnt wanted to leave and if they did they were always blissful to com e back. In Nicholsons essay on Indianapolis he states that Indiana population hypothesise the more they travel to other states the more they like their own city or state.Hoosiers were proud to be from this state. They felt that other states only dreamt of possessing this same pride and glory. Maybe a false tradition Riley created could shit been that a skimer from another state reads this and has never been to Indiana, will think that everyone in Indiana is a abject-educated, hillbilly, a hick from the back woods. The fact is, education wasnt highly needed on the farm. further a farming education is still and education. They skills they learned on the farm where safe as important as the skills you learn in the classroom.Each writer did speak of the neighborliness of the people in the state and how they would give someone anything they had to offer. This lifestyle is s imilar to the current Morman way of life. They each mention how earthly Hoosiers were by putting trees on th e sidewalks in the city and the swimmin-hole they loved as children. Nicholson talked about the city of Indianapolis and how it had a natural feeling. However this feeling can also be translated to the entire state. This was because of Indianas low urbanization and education.The people didnt need all the high tech trains and whistles in their state they liked. That is just the way it was. The authors spoke of the kindness the people in the state, even for strangers. Indiana was safe and women could go to the marketplace without having to worry about being attacked or robbed. Riley made points about the everyday life of the normal Hoosier and the things they went though. Riley talked about punkins and how the people didnt come up with umpteen ideas of their own but when they did, they stood by them. The writers celebrated many traditions of Indiana in their own special way.Riley and Nicholson brought different experiences to the readings. Riley gave the real dialect of the people o f Indiana and how they spent their days on the farms, term Nicholson talked about the kindheartedness of the people of Indiana. In all my trips to Indiana and while living here, I have found that Nicholsons writings of the people back then hasnt really changed that much. One of the factors while choosing Butler as my University, was the Gentleness of the Indiana culture. The two writers, in their writings made a pretty complete picture of Indiana.But it appears they both left out the northerner Indiana people.. They concentrated on the central and border southerner, but rarely mentioned the north. While the role of the Northerners culture was minor, their Indianas traditions and values were substantial. The Northerners played a function in the diversity of the state and the cultural birthplace Indiana formed in the Midwest. While I have endured in Illinois my entire life, and now reside in Indiana, I see the differences in the people of Indiana and the pride they feel for their state.Illinois may not feel such a pride since their culture around the Chicago area is so diverse. in that location are many residents that come from all over the world. In Indiana, their roots are from the farm communities where their forefathers sweated pitch and tears to farm their land, feed and educate their children, and die trying. Riley and Nicholson just put into words all the feelings the people of Indiana feel. After reading these excerpts, you realize, the Indiana people know all this but it was nice to read about why they feel so strongly about their state. Now Bobby Knight might be a different story

Software Applications and Information Systems

bundle Applications and Information Systems A softwargon application and an development system is vital for any union to shell out its business. An unbelieveable amount of information and procedures that is made within a familiarity, both the application and system relieves a company of a huge amount of paperwork. By aquiring a software application the accounting, marketing, and human resources department keister keep track of many different areas within their department. The information system helps to manage every last(predicate) information coming in and going out.An excellent software application is the Formtran application. This application works in all departments, accounting, human resources, and marketing. This application is known for being the fastest data collector. For accounting the application offers compliance, consistency, and effciency. This provides help with bribe orders, credit memos, invoices, physical inventor forms, fixed asset forms, capital expenditur e requests, and check requests (Formtran, 2010).The software provides a system that helps with certification testing, applicant tracking, charitable fund drives, emplyee satisfaction, pre-emplyment testing, time sheets, training, and pay roll forms (Formtran, 2010). The marketing and sales part of the application gives a company easy acess to the data needed. This includes contest enrollments, client comment cards, allocate claim forms, expense reports, focus group surveys, product registration, sales call reports, sales force testing, and warrantee cards (Fortran, 2010).Information systems help accounting departments by maintaining records that control the movement of funds within the company and produces finanical statements. Information systems for accounting will manage cash flow, loans, securities trading, and check processing. Human resources information systems help with placement, recruitment, compensation, biography development, and evaluations of the employees within a company. The different examples is applicant tracking, training and skills, positions, benefits, and personnel record keeping.Marketing and sales usance the system for marketing functions and sales support with keeping track of all movement with goods and services amid producers and customers. Target points are telemarketing, point-of-sale, order processing, and slaes support. Basically the system for marketing and sales covers the improvement of customer service, maintaining customer data, total and record purchase transactions with the required packing list (Kelly, 2008). Software applications and information systems are a vital part to barning a business today.These applications and systems help a company run smoother and more organized. In todays world most all companys use computers to run their business. Customers and employees expect to have answers in a reasonable time, and the applications and systems provide everyone with the information in a respectful time frame. The employees of the different departments (accounting, human resources, and marketing) tasks are made easier with the capability of the applications and systems.

Economic system Essay

In our present time , there argon many speculation spoken by incompatible people, regarding the implementation of the naked Curriculum , K to 12. There are many question still hanging on ,Is it the solution to our poverty , underemployment and unemployment.? Does K to 12 curriculum basically enhance our students knowledge? Does this curriculum eliminates at lessen poverty in our country. Our DepEd Secretary, Bro. Armin A.Luistro, FSC, starting whenhe became an Education Secretary, He is trying to change the traditional way of teaching, trying to resolve assorted problem, control and motivates the teachers, students , parents and government officials to cooperate in order to help our students to be competitive enough. In his answer of State of Filipino Education, he emphasize the trend and issues in Education System in a. Philippine Education is under in Chronic Illness b. Regression in Access c. Bureaucratic melee d. Appropriations allotted I n Education e.On the need of tame f. The Join Forces of 3 Agencies in Government. The DOLE, TESDA, and CHED. g. The Idea of EFA 2015 and Millennium Development Goals, 1. The Philippine Education is under in chronic illness He said that our country is under the chronic illness , it is because the system in our country is suffering from dissimilar crisis, not only come from economic problem, just most probably in political system.In this country, Our governmentalways change our curriculum from time to time, for them we must faced the reality and we must adapt the changes but the unpolluted fact is , they dont even support that particular in terms of facilities, tools, books and some other develop materials, thats why our curriculum is only a Trial-Error set up. Inother aspects the reason why we still in the last in terms of Education it is because of corruption and political problems.2. Regression in Access The of import problem in our country is the lengthof Basic Education in Elementary and Secondary, this is o nly 10 years, foreign to other country which is 12 years. This is the reason why Filipino did not get the appropriate line of business on other country,3. Bureaucratic Melee In this case, we can say that the cultural aspects of the society are the big problem. Despite of financial and economic crisis happen in our country, they questi geniusd some people or other non government organizations if school receive donations, For them it is a form of corruption ,but the reality is some government officials is the one who is the corrupt one. We must face the reality that government funds is not sufficient to support different schools thats why we need support from other agencies. 4. Appropriations for EducationDepartment of Budget and Management or DBM allocatesfund for a certain school whether it has autonomy or not. These budgets were divided depends on the numbers of enrollees per school. Government as well as allocates fund for the Teachers tools, equipments, lesson plan, and classr ecords , salaries and bonuses and incentives. Education is free, according to the Deped Memorandum. They allocated fundsfor Education but the big problem is, the higher ranking soulfulness did not distributed that funds to different divisions, instead of they corrupt that funds.Thats why DepEdis number2 in Corruption 5. On the Need for Reform Our Educationsystem needs a reformation, in order to make our graduates be competitive enough. Reform will start on the top down to the lower ranking position. Reformation willlead us tothe collapse world, better society and better graduates. Reformation not only in Educational system but also in the society, most especially in our government presently. Reform in policies, avoid corruption, because new ideas, new curriculum, and helpus tobuild mind of a graduates professionally growth.